What is the specialties of the Internet of Things and its most famous functions and fields

Recently, there has been an increase in talk about the Internet of Things, known for short as IoT, to become one of the most important future specialties that have already begun to spread today. Despite its wide spread, this concept is still mysterious to some and many are ignorant of its mechanism of action, its features and fields. What is the Internet of Things? What is its mechanism of action? How will this technology affect our future lives? These and other questions, you will find the answers to in today’s article.
What is the Internet of Things?

The Internet of Things (IoT) is a computer concept that expresses the idea of ​​various physical devices connected to the Internet and the ability of each device to identify itself to other devices. It is a virtual network that combines various things classified within electronics, software, sensors, actuators and connects them via the Internet, which allows these things to exchange data with each other.
It is worth noting that the term “thing” in the Internet of Things is not limited to inanimate objects and small devices only, the “thing” may be a person carrying a heart rate monitor, for example, a child carrying a tracker, a car equipped with sensors, lighting systems in homes and shopping centers Large machines, vending machines and others, in short, the term includes everything that might come to mind!
Despite the simplicity of this concept, the world of the Internet of Things is very complex and difficult to define in a specific sentence. On a technical level, it means the process of collecting huge amounts of random data from various things connected to the Internet, analyzing it, and then predicting its behavior in the future. This includes many protocols and programming languages.
The concept of the Internet of Things illustrates the impact of the World Wide Web in the near future. Thanks to the Internet of Things, most electronic devices will become independent and do not need any human intervention. These devices will be able to report their own faults and fix them on their own, and the concept expands to include everything that comes to mind, starting with the cars that drive themselves, the lighting system in the home And even your closet, which will suggest which clothes to wear depending on the weather and how hot or cold you are!
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How does the Internet of Things work?

The Internet of Things is not a single computer program or device or a specific type of technology, it is a comprehensive concept that involves integrating several devices, software and networks together to obtain the desired results, where an integrated IoT system includes four main components as follows:
Sensors (or any other type of physical device).
Internet connection.
Data processing program.
user interface.

As for the mechanism of the Internet of Things, it starts with sensors that start collecting data from their environment in which they are located, and then this data is sent to the Cloud, which is a huge network of super servers that provide different services to individuals and companies, where the sensors are connected to the servers in different ways that may constitute: Smartphones, satellites, WiFi, Bluetooth and more.
Once the data reaches the cloud, it is processed using a data analysis software. The process of processing this data may be simple or complex, depending on the amount and type of data obtained. Finally, the results are sent to the end user in the form of a specific alert, so that the user changes or adjusts the sensor settings, and sometimes the sensors are modified automatically without the need for human intervention.
Internet of things in our lives

The concept of the Internet of Things in the next few years will not be limited to the scientific and technical aspects of life only, but will gradually spread to become an essential part of our daily life, and after it was a complex term that many are ignorant of, it will become a routine, natural and indispensable thing, so what are the most famous areas of Internet application The things?

1- at home

Imagine getting up every day at 7 a.m. to go to work, and your smart alarm clock will wake you up at exactly that time unless something goes wrong. For example, the train you are taking has been canceled for some reason, so you will have to drive, but the problem is that your car will take longer to get to your place of work… Or maybe it’s raining today, so you will have to be careful and drive slower.
In such cases, your smart alarm which is part of the IoT ecosystem will be on standby to ensure that you get to work on time regardless of all these circumstances. It will be able to tell if your train is coming on time, or if it’s raining or stormy, and it will analyze all this data and perform complex calculations to estimate the time you need to arrive, and accordingly it will adjust itself to wake you up in time. No more lateness issues!
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Not only that, but your alarm clock can coordinate with your coffee maker, your favorite radio and your wardrobe to ensure you complete your morning routine smoothly and effortlessly.
2- In the means of transportation

Wake up by your smart alarm clock, you’re now driving to work. Suddenly an engine malfunction occurred, what would you do in this case? Do not worry your smart car will take care of everything, as its sensor will identify the malfunction and send data to the manufacturer, which in turn will determine the appropriate solution and send the information back to the nearest car repair shop, which will also set an appointment for you to repair the car, and coordination will be made between The repair and manufacturer to receive any spare parts you need for your car, all in a matter of minutes and without moving a finger!
3- Shipping and logistics services

Tracking parcels and shipments is very important in the field of logistics, and there is no doubt that the Internet of things will play a pivotal role in ensuring that different parcels are tracked from their shipment to their arrival at their desired destination. All with unprecedented ease and precision.
How do I start my academic path in the field of Internet of Things?

It is worth noting that, to this day, there is no specialized and completely independent university degree in the field of the Internet of Things. However, IoT courses are particularly suitable for engineering students and graduates who have a basic understanding of electronics and microprocessors.
Although this specialization is not available in universities, there are many free and paid online courses that provide adequate information in this field. These courses generally address the following topics:
Definition of the Internet of Things.
How the Internet of Things works in detail.
The impact of the Internet of Things on both customers, individuals and companies.
A detailed explanation of each part of the Internet of Things.
Internet of things technologies used in communication.
Various Internet of Things protocols and their applications.
Introduction to Cloud and popular Cloud Platforms.

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How do I start my career in the Internet of Things?

When deciding to start your career in the field of the Internet of Things, you must first be aware of the peculiarities of each stage of building the system, which needs certain skills and capabilities that differ from the other stages. Whereas, building an integrated IoT system required different expertise in each of the four components that we have previously mentioned, as follows:
Assembling and building physical sensors: This stage requires advanced engineering skills, usually carried out by specialized engineers, and programmers do not have a big role in it.
Sensor programming: This stage requires advanced programming skills to read data from sensors and send them to servers.
Programming servers that receive data from sensors : This stage requires proficiency in programming languages ​​such as: PHP, ASP.NET, Node.js, in addition to database building languages ​​such as MySQL.
Show the processed data to the end user: This requires building web pages or smart phone applications, which in turn require proficiency in programming languages ​​such as: JavaScript, CSS and others.

What are the most popular Internet of Things jobs?

The labor market offers a wide range of options in the field of the Internet of Things, targeting in particular engineers, programmers and designers, and there is no doubt that the demand for such jobs is constantly increasing. Here is a list of the most popular current and future jobs available in the IoT field:
1- IoT Product Manager

The production manager’s primary job is to monitor the implementation progress of the Internet of Things system. Where the responsibilities differ between development and marketing, where production managers work in cooperation with the development department to take care of work requirements and the operation of mechanisms.
2- IoT Architect

An IoT system is a complex network of interconnected tools and devices that must be properly planned before being put into operation and added to the main network. This is where IoT engineers come in to transform ideas into designs and designs into functional codes. The IoT engineer may not be the actual developer of the system, but the person who makes the network diagram, translating business needs into technical requirements.
3- IoT Developer

IoT developers are responsible for the basics and building the actual code of the network, where they are responsible for building the software side of the IoT ecosystem.
4- Data Scientists

One of the most important features of the Internet of Things system is the amount of data that is generated. Data scientists are those who deal with the data collected from the sensors in the system, as the demand for data scientists is constantly increasing in the field of Internet of Things, and with good experience in the field of structured and random data, data scientists will get unique opportunities in this sector.
5- Robot Coordinator

The job of a bot coordinator is to supervise the bots (devices) in the system and deal with any failures or errors in the network devices. The responsibilities of the coordinator include conducting periodic checks as well as disaster rehabilitation of devices.
6- IoT Cloud Engineer

The task of the cloud engineer is to create and deploy Middleware and Non-Relational NoSQL databases with the aim of collecting data from various devices connected to the Internet of Things.
7- Industrial Engineer

In the IoT network, the industrial engineer takes care of the physical side of the system, programming the robots and smart devices connected to the network.
8- Industrial UI/UX designer

The final stage in the IoT system is a dashboard or visual screens that end users interact with, where these sensors are used either to control the sensors or to inspect the data. In order for these panels and interfaces to be easy to use and appropriate for users, user experience designers must work on developing them to get the best results.
9- AutoCAD Designer

The designer in the IoT system is responsible for designing the different devices used to receive and send different data, such as wrist watches with sensors, smart bracelets, and others.
10- Material specialist

It is the responsibility of the materials expert to determine the appropriate materials to be used in the construction of the various system devices.
11- Network Engineer

The network engineer identifies and assists in the process of building a Fog Computing Network, which is one of the important steps in building the Internet of Things.
12- Test engineer

The primary task of the Test Engineer is to verify the functional aspects of all parts of the IoT ecosystem and to perform tests on all possible scenarios of application of the system.
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How much do IoT workers get paid?

The wages of IoT workers vary according to their jobs and responsibilities, but the average wage remains higher than other jobs . According to ZipRecruiter , the average salary for workers in this field ranges from $47,000 to $185,000 annually in the United States of America. Although these jobs are not widely spread in the Arab region, they are expected to witness significant growth in the next few years, as well as the possibility of traveling abroad and working in one of the Internet of Things jobs in advanced industrial countries, such as Germany , Canada , Australia and others .